Oil & Gas Glossary 1.0

The operation of hoisting the drill stem from and returning it to the wellbore. v: shortened form of "make a trip."

The operation of hoisting the drill stem out of and returning it to the wellbore. See make a trip.

1. to assemble and join parts to form a complete unit (e.g., to make up a string of casing). 2. to screw together two threaded pieces. 3. to mix or prepare (e.g., to make up a tank of mud). 4. to compensate for (e.g., to make up for lost time).

To hoist the drill stem out of the wellbore to perform one of a number of operations such as changing bits, taking a core, and so forth, and then to return the drill stem to the wellbore.

The action of pull out and subsequently running back into the hole a string of drill pipe or tubing. Making a round trip is also called tripping.

The small amount of additional mud weight carried over that needed to balance formation pressure to overcome the pressure-reduction effects caused by swabbing when a trip out of the hole is made.

To make up connection one more turn.

A small mud tank with a capacity of 10 to 15 barrels, usually with 1-barrel or H-barrel divisions, used to ascertain the amount of mud necessary to keep the wellbore full with the exact amount of mud that is displaced by drill pipe. When the bit comes out of the hole, a volume of mud equal to that which the drill pipe occupied while in the hole must be pumped into the hole to replace the pipe. When the bit goes back in the hole, the drill pipe displaces a certain amount of mud, and a trip tank can be used again to keep track of this volume.

A tool that goes downhole and is not retrievable.

A complete trip from the bottom of the wellbore to the top

A spherical object used to pump down the drill string or tubing to trip, release, or otherwise operate certain hydraulic-type tools.

Running of a gauge on tubing or slickline to verify casing dimensions.

A sub with a ball seat run on top of a hydraulically set packer to set the packer.

To become a good worker.

To run casing or pipe.

1.To take in or make part of an existing whole.

To make up or fake a report without actually doing the work.

2. to use flanges to make final connections on a piping system.

The small pipes and valves that are used to make up a system of piping.

To make repairs or modifications on a tank, pipeline, or installation without shutting down operations.

See trip margin

The connected joints of pipe racked in the derrick or mast during a trip. The usual stand is about 90 feet long (about 27 meters), which is three lengths of drill pipe screwed together (a thribble).

To pull the drill stem out of the wellbore to change the bit, to change from a core barrel to the bit, to run electric logs, to prepare for a drill stem test, to run casing, and so on. Also called trip out.

Gas that enters the wellbore when the mud pump is shut down and pipe is being pulled from the wellbore. The gas may enter because of the reduction in bottomhole pressure when the pump is shut down, because of swabbing, or because of both.

Any of a variety of drilling bits that have no moving parts. As they are rotated on bottom, elements of the bit make hole by being pressed into the formation and being dragged across it. See fishtail bit.

Large wrenches used to break out and make up tubing. They may be operated manually, hydraulically, or pneumatically.

The component in a blowout preventer that cuts, or shears, through drill pipe and forms a seal against well pressure. Shear rams are used in floating offshore drilling operations to provide a quick method of moving the rig away from the hole when there is no time to trip the drill stem out of the hole.

Any of several devices used to agitate, or mix, the liquids and solids that make up drilling fluid. These devices include jet hoppers, paddles, stirrers, mud guns, and chemical barrels.

1. a sucker rod, shorter than usual, used to make up a sucker rod string of desired length. Pony rods are usually placed just below the polished rod.

2. for mobile offshore drilling rigs, weight added to make the rig more seaworthy, increase its draft, or sink it to the seafloor. Seawater is usually used for ballast, but sometimes concrete or iron is used additionally to lower the rig's center of gravity permanently.

Any packer designed to make a seal between the tubing and the casing during production

A length of casing with one thread on the field end and a different thread in the coupling, used to make a changeover from one thread to another in a string of casing.

To attach a joint of drill pipe onto the drill stem suspended in the wellbore to permit deepening the wellbore by the length of the joint added (about 30 feet, or 9 meters).

Trade name for a downhole motor driven by drilling fluid that imparts rotary motion to a drilling bit connected to the tool, thus eliminating the need to turn the entire drill stem to make hole. Used in straight and directional drilling.

To screw a length of pipe into another length of pipe.

A special device that, when fitted in to the master bushing, transmits torque to the kelly and simultaneously permits vertical movement of the kelly to make hole. It may be shaped to fit the rotary opening or have pins for transmitting torque. Also called

Generically, a pressure gauge usually used in lines or manifolds. Many companies make pressure gauges. Cameron, now Cooper Oil Tools, makes many types of gauges.

The large wrenches used to make up or break out drill pipe, casing, tubing, or other pipe; variously called casing tongs, pipe tongs, and so forth, according to the specific use. Power tongs are pneumatically or hydraulically operated tools that serve to spin the pipe up tight and, in some instances, to apply the final makeup torque.

A special steel pumping rod. Several rods screwed together make up the mechanical link from the beam pumping unit on the surface to the sucker rod pump at the bottom of a well. Sucker rods are threaded on each end and manufactured to dimension standards and metal specifications set by the petroleum industry. Lengths are 25 or 30 feet (7.6 or 9.1 meters); diameter varies from 1/2 to 1-1/8 inches (12 to 30 millimeters). There is also a continuous sucker rod (tradename: Corod).

An explanation of the origin of petroleum, which holds that the hydrogen and the carbon that make up petroleum come from plants and animals of land and sea. Furthermore, the theory holds that more of this organic material comes from very tiny creatures of swamp and sea than comes from larger creatures of land.

The process of raising or lifting fluid from a well by injecting gas down the well through tubing or through the tubing-casing annulus. Injected gas aerates the fluid to make it exert less pressure than the formation does; consequently, the higher formation pressure forces the fluid out of the wellbore. Gas may be injected continuously or intermittently, depending on the producing characteristics of the well and the arrangement of the gas-lift equipment.

A substance that consists of large molecules formed from smaller molecules in repeating structural units (monomers). In oilfield operations, various types of polymers are used to thicken drilling mud, fracturing fluid, acid, water, and other liquids. See micellar-polymer flooding, polymer mud. In petroleum refining, heat and pressure are used to polymerize light hydrocarbons into larger molecules, such as those that make up high-octane gasoline. In petrochemical production, polymer hydrocarbons are used as a feedstock for plastics.