Oil & Gas Glossary 1.0

See rotary shoe, burn shoe.

A milling device attached to the bottom of washpipe that mills or drills debris accumulated around the outside of the pipe being washed over. usually, a burn shoe has pieces of very hard tungsten carbide embedded in it. Also called a rotary shoe. See washpipe.

A device placed at the end of or beneath an object for various purposes (e.g., casing shoe guide shoe).

A length of pipe whose bottom edge is serrated or dressed with a hard cutting material and that is run into the wellbore around the outside of stuck casing, pipe, or tubing to mill away the obstruction.

2. a device, similar to a casing shoe, placed at the end of other tubular goods.

1. a short, heavy, cylindrical section of steel filled with concrete and rounded at the bottom, which is placed at the end of the casing string. It prevents the casing from snagging on irregularities in the borehole as it is lowered. A passage through the center of the shoe allow drilling fluid to pass up into the casing while it is being lowered and allows cement to pass out during cementing operations. Also called casing shoe.

See guide shoe

The machine used to impart rotational power to the drill stem while permitting vertical movement of the pipe for rotary drilling. Modern rotary machines have a special component, the rotary or master bushing, to turn the kelly bushing, which permits vertical movement of the kelly while the stem is turning.

A short, heavy, cylindrical steel section with a rounded bottom and attached to the bottom of the casing string. It contains a check valve and functions similarly to the float collar but also serves as a guide shoe in the casing.

A worker on a drilling or workover rig, subordinate to the driller, whose primary work station is on the rig floor. On rotary drilling rigs, there are at least two and usually three or more rotary helpers on each crew. Sometimes called floor man, roughneck, or rig crewman.

A rotary tool that is hung from the rotary hook and traveling block to suspend the drill stem and to permit it to rotate freely. it also provides a connection fore the rotary hose and a passageway of the flow of drilling fluid into the drill stem.

The principal component of a rotary, or rotary machine, used to turn the drill stem and support the drilling assembly. It has a beveled gear arrangement to create the rotational motion and an opening into which bushings are fitted to drive and support the drilling assembly.

A cast-iron or magnesium drillable tool consisting of a packing assembly and a back-pressure valve. It is used to close off the annular space between tubing or drill pipe and casing to allow the placement of cement or fluid through the tubing or drill pipe at any predetermined point behind the casing or liner, around the shoe, or into the open hole around the shoe.

Also called a rotary help. See rotary helper.

To release pipe that is stuck in the hole by running washover pipe. The washover pipe must have an outside diameter small enough to fit into the borehole but an inside diameter large enough to fit over the outside diameter of the stuck pipe. A rotary shoe, which cuts away the formation, mud, or whatever is sticking the pipe, is made up on the bottom joint of the washover pipe, and the assembly is lowered into the hole. Rotation of the assembly frees the stuck pipe. Several washovers may have to be made if the stuck portion is very long.

A device that fits into the rotary table to accommodate the slips and drive the kelly bushing so that the rotating motion of the rotary table to accommodate the slips and drive the kelly bushing so that the rotating motion of the rotary table can be transmitted to the kelly. Also called rotary bushing.

The equipment included in the drilling fluid circulating system of a rotary rig. Basically, the components consist of the mud pump, rotary hose, swivel, drill stem, bit, and mud return line.

The heavy steel member, three-, four-, six-, or eight-sided, suspended from the swivel through the rotary table and connected to the topmost joint of drill pipe to turn the drill stem as the rotary table turns. It has a bored passageway that permits fluid

A reinforced flexible tub on a rotary drilling rig that conducts the drilling fluid from the standpipe to the swivel and kelly. Also called the mud hose or the kelly hose

A sub part of which is formed in the shape of a horseshoe and used to orient the drill stem downhole.

A device employed to protect seals, seating nipples, etc., during mill-out operations.

A cutoff pup joint below a packer used as a fluid entry device and/or seal assemblies guide

Also called kelly hose or rotary hose. See rotary hose.

The location of the bottom of a string of casing that is cemented in a well. Typically, a casing shoe is made up on the end of the casing at this point.

The cutting or boring element used in drilling oil and gas wells. This bit consists of a cutting element and a circulating element. The circulating element permits the passage of drilling fluid and utilized the hydraulic force of the fluid stream to improve drilling rates. In rotary drilling, several drill collars are joined to the bottom end of the drill pipe column, and the bit is attached to the end of the string of drill collars. Most bits used in rotary drilling are roller cone bits, but diamond bits are also used extensively.

See rotary helper

The curved connection between the rotary hose and the swivel.

1. the workers on a drilling or workover rig, including the driller, derrickman, and rotary helpers

A device in a rotary table or other tool into which tubing, drill pipe, or slips can be inserted.

A hydraulically powered device used in lieu of a rotary to turn the drill pipe, tubing, or casing in a well.

A procedure whereby the formation immediately below the casing shoe is subjected to a pressure equal to the pressure expected to be exerted later by a higher drilling glut density or by the sum of a higher drilling fluid density and back-pressure created by a kick.

A vertical pipe rising along the side of the derrick or mast, which joins the discharge line leading from the mud pump to the rotary hose and through which mud is pumped going into the hole.

A specially compounded liquid circulated through the wellbore during rotary drilling operations. See mud.

A valve installed above the kelly that can be closed manually to protect the rotary hose from high pressure that may exist in the drill stem

A drilling mud that contains a minimum amount of solid material (sand, silt, and so on) and that is used in rotary drilling when possible because it can provide fast drilling rates.

A drilling mud that contains a minimum amount of solid material (sand, silt, and so on) and that is used in rotary drilling when possible because it can provide fast drilling rates.

Those parts of the drilling or workover rig that are designed to turn or rotate the drill stem and bit - swivel, kelly, kelly busing, master bushing, and rotary table.

A drilling bit with cutting edges of hard alloys. Developed about 1900, and first used with the rotary system of drilling, it is still useful in drilling very soft formations. Also called a drag bit.

The turning force that is applied to a shaft or other rotary mechanism to cause it to rotate or tend to do so. Torque is measured in units of length and force (footpounds, newton-meters).

A wire rope used to support the drilling tools. Also called the rotary line.

To place stands of drill pipe and drill collars in a vertical position to one side of the rotary table in the derrick or mast of a drilling or workover rig. Compare lay down pipe.

All members in the assembly used for rotary drilling from the swivel to the bit, including the kelly, drill pipe and tool joints, drill collars, stabilizers, and various specialty items. Compare drill string.

All members in the assembly used for rotary cutting from the swivel to the ball, including the kelly, drill pipe and tool joints, drill collars, stabilizers, and various specialty items. Compare drill string.

Trade name for a downhole motor driven by drilling fluid that imparts rotary motion to a drilling bit connected to the tool, thus eliminating the need to turn the entire drill stem to make hole. Used in straight and directional drilling.

A device that increases the pressure on a fluid or raises it to a higher level. Various types of pumps include the bottomhole pump, centrifugal pump, hydraulic pump, jet pump, mud pump, reciprocating pump, rotary pump, sucker rod pump, and submersible pump

A downhole motor that rotates a bit by the action of the drilling mud on turbine blades b built into the tool. When a turbodrill is used, rotary motion is imparted only at the bit; therefore, it is unnecessary to rotate the drill stem. Although straight holes can be drilled with the tool, it is used most often in directional drilling.

A drilling method in which a hole is drilled by a rotating bit to which a downward force is applied. The bit is fastened to and rotated by the drill stem, which also provides a passageway through which the drilling fluid is circulated. Additional joints of drill pipe are added as drilling progresses.

A device run on cable-tool drilling line, a service machine, or sand line of a rotary rig to drill up tools, remove downhole debris, and so on.

A special device that, when fitted in to the master bushing, transmits torque to the kelly and simultaneously permits vertical movement of the kelly to make hole. It may be shaped to fit the rotary opening or have pins for transmitting torque. Also called

A vibrating screen used to remove cuttings from the circulating fluid in rotary drilling operations. The size of the openings in the screen should be carefully selected to be the smallest size possible that will allow 100 percent flow of the fluid. Also called a shaker.

The liquid circulated through the wellbore during rotary drilling and workover operations. In addition to its function of bringing cuttings to the surface, drilling mud cools and lubricates the bit and drill stem, protects against blowouts by holding back subsurface pressures, and deposits a mud cake on the wall of the borehole to prevent loss of fluids to the formation. See drilling fluid.

A portable servicing or workover outfit, usually mounted on wheels and self-propelled. A well servicing unit consists of a hoist and engine mounted on a wheeled chassis with a self-erecting mast. A workover rig is basically the same, with the addition of a substructure with rotary, pump, pits, and auxiliaries to permit handling and working a drill string.

Departure of the wellbore from the vertical, measured by the horizontal distance from the rotary table to the target. The amount of deviation is a function of the drift angle and hole depth. The term is sometimes used to indicate the angle from which a bit has deviated from the vertical during drilling. See drift angle.

A cable composed of steel wires twisted around a central core of fiber or steel wire to create a rope of great strength and considerable flexibility. Wire rope is used as drilling line (in rotary and cable-tool rigs), coring line, servicing line, winch line, and so on. It is often called cable or wireline; however, wireline is a single, slender metal rod, usually very flexible. Compare wireline.